Global ETF News Older than One Year
Visualizing the World's Biggest Oil Producers by Country
July 16, 2025-Key Takeaways
The U.S. tops global oil production with nearly one-fifth of daily output.
Five countries produce over half of the world's oil every day.
The global oil landscape is dominated by a handful of powerhouse producers whose output shapes energy markets,prices,and geopolitics.
This graphic breaks down daily production in thousands of barrels and the share each country holds of total supply. From North American shale fields to Middle Eastern giants,this chart offers a clear snapshot of how oil flows from well to world.
Source: visualcapitalist.com
WTO issues new edition of World Tariff Profiles
July 7, 2025-The WTO published on 7 July the 2025 edition of World Tariff Profiles, which provides comprehensive data on the tariffs and non-tariff measures imposed by over 170 economies. It is a joint publication of the WTO, the International Trade Centre (ITC) and UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
The publication provides summary tables listing the average "bound" (maximum) tariffs and applied tariffs for each economy for both agricultural and non-agricultural products as of end-2024.
One-page profiles offer more detailed tariff data broken down by product groups for each economy based on the WTO's Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN) categories, the product classification system used by the WTO for trade statistics and policy analysis.
Also shown are the tariffs imposed on its exports by its main trading partners. Summaries of the import and export tariffs for each economy are also provided. These are complemented by statistics on non-tariff measures (NTMs) by economy and product group.
Source: World Trade Organization (WTO)
Flow Traders-Tokenization in Capital Markets: A Market Maker's Perspective
July 3, 2025-Tokenization unlocks efficiencies like instant settlement, 24/7 trading, and fractional ownership-but real-world adoption depends on solving infrastructure and regulatory challenges, not just technology.
Market makers face key friction points in tokenized markets: fragmented liquidity requiring pre-funding across blockchains, lack of product-market fit without real demand, and operational complexity from 24/7 trading.
Stablecoins succeeded because of simplicity, open access, and clear use cases in payments and crypto trading; tokenized money market funds are slower to grow due to compliance burdens and less obvious utility.
A common misconception is that market makers can manufacture liquidity out of thin air-when in reality, they rely on demand, legal clarity, and reliable settlement rails to operate effectively.
Tokenization's future hinges on fixing infrastructure-cross-chain interoperability, legal certainty, investor access, and better tooling-before it can meaningfully scale in capital markets.
Source: flowtraders
Global Economic Prospects-Global Economy Faces Trade-Related Headwinds
June 14, 2025--The global economy is facing substantial headwinds, emanating largely from an increase in trade tensions and heightened global policy uncertainty.
For emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), the weak outlook limits their ability to boost job creation and reduce extreme poverty. This challenging context is compounded by subdued foreign direct investment into EMDEs.
Global cooperation is needed to restore a more stable global trade environment and scale up support for vulnerable countries, including those in fragile and conflict situations. Domestic policy action is also critical to contain inflation risks and strengthen fiscal resilience. To unlock job creation and long-term growth, reforms should focus on raising institutional quality, attracting private investment, and strengthening human capital and labor markets.
International discord-about trade, in particular-has upended many of the policy certainties that-helped shrink extreme poverty and expand prosperity after the end of World War II. This year alone, our forecasts indicate the upheaval will slice nearly half a percentage point off the global GDP growth rate that had been expected at the start of the year, cutting it to 2.3 percent.
That's the weakest performance in 17 years, outside of outright global recessions. By 2027, global GDP growth is expected to average just 2.5 percent in the 2020s-the slowest pace of any decade since the 1960s.
Source: worldbank.org
Disclosing Public Debt Boosts Investor Confidence, Cuts Borrowing Costs
June 12, 2025--Greater debt transparency builds investor confidence, helps reduce borrowing costs, and strengthens debt sustainability-reducing the risk of shocks that can lead to a debt crisis
Public debt is projected to reach nearly 100 percent of global gross domestic product by the end of this decade, surpassing even pandemic-level highs.
Governments, particularly those in emerging market and developing economies, face both mounting debt service costs and shrinking room to maneuver in government budgets.
The result is fewer resources for social programs or investments, reduced capacity to respond to shocks, and higher borrowing costs.
In addition to issuing more debt, countries are increasingly using complex and opaque forms of financing. New debt instruments such as guaranteed, securitized, and collateralized debt contracts linked to public-private partnerships, state-owned enterprises, or SOEs, and pension funds have appeared on the scene.
Source: IMF.org
Global Economy Set for Weakest Run Since 2008 Outside of Recessions
June 10, 2025--2025 Growth Forecasts Cut for 70 Percent of Economies
Heightened trade tensions and policy uncertainty are expected to drive global growth down this year to its slowest pace since 2008 outside of outright global recessions, according to the World Bank's latest Global Economic Prospects report.
The turmoil has resulted in growth forecasts being cut in nearly 70% of all economies-across all regions and income groups.
Global growth is projected to slow to 2.3 percent in 2025, nearly half a percentage point lower than the rate that had been expected at the start of the year. A global recession is not expected. Nevertheless, if forecasts for the next two years materialize, average global growth in the first seven years of the 2020s will be the slowest of any decade since the 1960s.
Source: worldbank.org
Trade Reckoning
June 3, 2025--Stalled trade integration and rising tariffs are testing global economic resilience
For decades, world trade expanded rapidly as countries lowered tariffs and embraced globalization. Tariff rates fell dramatically worldwide, converging toward the low levels of the United States.
But progress has stalled. Since the 2008 financial crisis, trade openness has stopped rising and global imports have leveled off at about a third of GDP. Trade tensions have escalated this year, and some major economies are reversing course, with US tariffs in April reaching the highest level in over a century. Other countries have responded.
This new trade landscape has serious consequences for the global economy. Many smaller, trade-reliant countries are more exposed to these shifts in trade patterns. Trade policy uncertainty is off the charts, making it harder for businesses everywhere to plan ahead.
Source: IMF.org
Debt is Higher and Rising Faster in 80 Percent of Global Economy
May 29, 2025--Fiscal Policy under mounting uncertainty means government budgets need resilience-particularly in countries whose economic weight makes them influence global trends
Global public debt could increase to 100 percent of global gross domestic product by the end of the decade if current trends continue, according to projections in our latest Fiscal Monitor.
The rising ratio of public debt to GDP reflects renewed economic pressures as well as the consequences of pandemic-related fiscal support, according to our report. This trend raises fresh concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability as many countries face rising budget challenges.
The Chart of the Weekshows that about a third of countries, accounting for 80 percent of global GDP, have public debt that’s both higher than it was before the pandemic and rising at a faster pace. More than two-thirds of the 175 economies in our study now have heavier public debt burdens than before COVID spread in 2020.
Source: IMF.org
Chief Economists Warn Global Growth Under Strain from Trade Policy Shocks and AI Disruption
May 28, 2025--A majority of surveyed economists see current US economic policy as having a lasting global impact, with 87% expecting it to delay strategic business decisions and heighten recession risks.
The growth outlook is divided, with weak prospects in North America, resilience in Asia-Pacific and cautious optimism in Europe.
Public debt concerns are mounting as defence spending rises, with 86% of chief economists expecting increased government borrowing.
Artificial intelligence is expected to drive growth, but 47% anticipate net job losses.
The global economic outlook has worsened since the start of the year, as rising economic nationalism and tariff volatility fuel uncertainty and risk stalling long-term decision-making, according to a World Economic Forum report released today.
The latest Chief Economists Outlook reveals that a strong majority (79%) of surveyed economists view the current geoeconomic developments as signs of a significant structural shift for the global economy rather than a temporary disruption.
Source: WEF (World Economic Forum)
Fostering Core Government Bond Market Resilience
May 21, 2025--Policymakers should broaden central clearing and monitor market-making, including by nonbank financial institutions, while dealers must continue to build resilience
The smooth functioning of government bond markets is important for the safety and soundness of broader capital markets, especially amid heightened financial market volatility.
Bond markets recently adjusted sharply to an abrupt re-assessment of the global macroeconomic environment and elevated trade policy uncertainty.
Government bond market functioning demonstrated resilience despite very high volatility, and its continued stability remains essential for the financial system, as we show in the latest Global Financial Stability Report, which also assesses cross-country vulnerabilities in other financial sectors and markets.
Source: IMF.org
