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Introducing the FTSE Chinese Green Bond Index Series-FTSE Chinese Green Bond Index Series
April 30, 2019--The issuance of "green" bonds (conventional bonds with proceeds that are used to finance climate or environmental projects) has been growing at a rapid pace globally, and this progress is particularly evident in China.
Since it began in 2015, China's domestic green bond market has quickly evolved to become the second largest in the world.
In January 2019, FTSE Russell announced the launch of the FTSE Chinese (Onshore CNY) Green Bond Index Series, which includes a range of benchmarks designed to measure this quickly-growing market segment.
IMF Working Paper-Enabling Deep Negative Rates to Fight Recessions: A Guide
April 29, 2019--Summary:
The experience of the Great Recession and its aftermath revealed that a lower bound on interest rates can be a serious obstacle for fighting recessions. However, the zero lower bound is not a law of nature; it is a policy choice.
The central message of this paper is that with readily available tools a central bank can enable deep negative rates whenever needed-thus maintaining the power of monetary policy in the future to end recessions within a short time. This paper demonstrates that a subset of these tools can have a big effect in enabling deep negative rates with administratively small actions on the part of the central bank.
To that end, we (i) survey approaches to enable deep negative rates discussed in the literature and present new approaches; (ii) establish how a subset of these approaches allows enabling negative rates while remaining at a minimum distance from the current paper currency policy and minimizing the political costs; (iii) discuss why standard transmission mechanisms from interest rates to aggregate demand are likely to remain unchanged in deep negative rate territory; and (iv) present communication tools that central banks can use both now and in the event to facilitate broader political acceptance of negative interest rate policy at the onset of the next serious recession.
view the IMF Working Paper-Enabling Deep Negative Rates to Fight Recessions: A Guide
Five Things to Know About the Economic Outlook in the Caucasus and Central Asia
April 29, 2019--While growth is stable, countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) face an array of longstanding challenges that, if unaddressed, threaten to hold back the region from reaching its potential.
Here are five key things to know from the latest IMF Regional Economic Outlook Update
The good news? Growth is stable, and inflation is low
In the years since the significant external shocks of 2014-16, growth in the region has stabilized, in part thanks to efforts to strengthen macroeconomic frameworks, such as tax code reform (implemented in Armenia, Georgia, and Uzbekistan) and the adoption of fiscal rules (implemented in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Kyrgyz Republic).
Strengthening of monetary policy frameworks and efforts to make exchange rates more flexible in some countries have also helped manage external pressures and contain inflation. Overall, growth in the region is projected at 4.1 percent in 2019 and 2020, which is in line with the 4.2 percent growth seen in 2018.
view the IMF Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia Update
The Economic Outlook of the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan in Five Charts
April 29, 2019--In the best of times, countries in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP) region would face a formidable task of creating jobs for the millions of young people entering the workforce.
Now, they must tackle this challenge amid a slowing global economy, volatile oil prices, and uncertainty around trade tensions.
Below are five charts that help illustrate key findings from the IMF's Regional Economic Outlook Update:
Growth in oil exporters is projected to remain subdued relative to 2018. Although growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is projected to improve slightly to 2.1 percent in 2019 from 2 percent in 2018, a sharp decline in Iran’s economic activity (of 6 percent) amid sanctions results in a mere 0.4 percent rate of growth for 2019 for the region's oil-exporting countries.
Bank Profitability: Consider the Source
April 30, 2019--The global financial crisis of 2007–2009 and the ensuing period of low interest rates have renewed interest among policy makers in the relationship between bank profitability and financial stability. Despite the subsequent recovery, the return on equity of many banks remains below the cost of equity.
Market valuations remain below the balance sheet value of banks, indicating the market's assessment of banks' ability to overcome profitability challenges is not optimistic.
In a recent IMF Working Paper, we look into how bank profitability affects financial stability from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. We developed a theoretical model of the relationship between bank profitability and financial stability by exploring the role of non-interest income and retail-oriented business models. We then analyzed data from 431 publicly traded banks to examine the determinants of bank risks and profitability, and how the level and the source of bank profitability affect risks. In this regard, we analyzed not only the link between the level of bank profitability and financial stability, but also the deeper question of how the source of bank profitability affects financial stability.
IMF Working Paper-The Global Economic Recovery 10 Years After the 2008 Financial Crisis
April 26, 2019--Summary:
This paper takes stock of the global economic recovery a decade after the 2008 financial crisis. Output losses after the crisis appear to be persistent, irrespective of whether a country suffered a banking crisis in 2007-08.
Sluggish investment was a key channel through which these losses registered, accompanied by long-lasting capital and total factor productivity shortfalls relative to precrisis trends. Policy choices preceding the crisis and in its immediate aftermath influenced postcrisis variation in output.
Underscoring the importance of macroprudential policies and effective supervision, countries with greater financial vulnerabilities in the precrisis years suffered larger output losses after the crisis. Countries with stronger precrisis fiscal positions and those with more flexible exchange rate regimes experienced smaller losses. Unprecedented and exceptional policy actions taken after the crisis helped mitigate countries' postcrisis output losses.
view the IMF Working Paper-The Global Economic Recovery 10 Years After the 2008 Financial Crisis
IMF Working Paper-Global Declining Competition
April 26, 2019--Summary:
Using a new firm-level dataset on private and listed firms from 20 countries, we document five stylized facts on market power in global markets. First, competition has declined around the world, measured as a moderate increase in average firm markups during 2000-2015.
Second, the markup increase is driven by already high-markup firms (top decile of the markup distribution) that charge increasing markups. Third, markups increased mostly among advanced economies but not in emerging markets. Fourth, there is a non-monotonic relation between firm size and markups that is first decreasing and then increasing. Finally, the increase is mostly driven by increases within incumbents and also by market share reallocation towards high-markup entrants.
view the IMF Working Paper-Global Declining Competition
Flow Traders releases March 2019 ETP market stistics
April 24, 2019--Flow Traders N.V. ("Flow Traders") (Euronext: FLOW), today releases the monthly ETP (Exchange Traded Products) market statistics for
March 2019. This refers to general market observations only.
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Oil prices to be lower in 2019 on slower-than-expected global growth, rising non-OPEC supply
April 23, 2019--Metal, agriculture prices to stage partial recovery, momentum to pick up in 2020
Crude oil prices are expected to average $66 a barrel in 2019 and $65 a barrel in 2020, a downward revision from the October forecast due to the weaker-than-expected global growth outlook and greater-than-anticipated U.S. production, the World Bank said.
Metal prices are expected to continue a recovery in 2019 that follows a sharp drop in the second half of 2018, the World Bank said in its April Commodity Markets Outlook. The recovery has been spurred by stabilization of activity in China after weakness around the turn of the year, as well as various supply shortfalls.
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view the World Bank April Commodity Markets Outlook
Did ETFs have a bad first quarter 2019?
April 23, 2019--Following the trade press in Germany and other European countries, I was quite surprised when I read the headline that net sales in ETFs were down dramatically over the course of the first quarter of 2019.
By reading the article, I found out that the numbers the respective analyst was looking at were a comparison of the global ETF flows within the first quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2019.
Even as the statement of the analyst could be judged generally correct by looking at the numbers, one shouldn't make these comparisons to simplify or overvalue the findings, since the markets do not think in quarters and, therefore, pay no attention to comparisons like the one above. Even as such a comparison takes into account that the different quarters of a year show different flow patterns.