The implications of the European Union's new fiscal rules

June 20, 2024--Executive summary
European Union countries are required by the EU Treaty to keep their budget deficits within 3 percent of GDP, and their public debt within 60 percent of GDP. A new framework to enforce these rules is based on country-specific debt sustainability analyses (DSA) and uses a single indicator, a measure of public expenditure, as the annual fiscal policy target. These changes are welcome.

To assess the sustainability of public finances, it is much better to focus on the likely evolution of the debt path than to rely on simple numerical rules. Public expenditures net of changes to tax policy are a far better target for fiscal policy than the deficit, since they are under the control of the government and cannot give rise to pro-cyclical fiscal policy (excess spending in good times, fiscal cuts in bad times). These features could increase the framework’s efficiency and improve compliance.

ESMA finalises technical standards on derivatives transparency and the OTC derivatives tape

December 15, 2025-The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), the EU's financial markets regulator and supervisor, published today the Final Report covering mandates under the MiFIR Review on derivatives trade transparency, package orders and the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives consolidated tape input and output data.

France Eases Retail Crypto Rules as Europe Unlocks Access for Millions

December 9, 2025-AMF doctrine shift follows UK and Nordic moves;
CoinShares leads the European market with a 32% AUM share
CoinShares International Limited ("CoinShares" or "the Group") (Nasdaq Stockholm: CS; USOTCQX: CNSRF) - a leading global asset manager specialising in digital assets, which has announced a merger with Vine Hill Capital Investment Corp (Nasdaq: VCIC), welcomes France's AMF decision to open retail access to regulated crypto ETNs.